Black Criminality
Davis, Angela Y. “Racialized Punishment and Prison Abolition.” A Companion to African-American Philosophy (2007): 360–369. Crossref. Web.
Desmond, Matthew, and Mustafa Emirbayer. 2015. Race in America. New York: Norton.
Muhammad, Khalil G. The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America. , 2010. Print.
Rovner, Josh, et al. “Black Disparities in Youth Incarceration.” The Sentencing Project, 15 July 2021, https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications/black-disparities-youth-incarceration/.
13th. Directed by Ava DuVernay, Netflix Studios, 2016. Netflix, www.netflix.com/watch/80091741?trackId=13752289 &tctx=0%2C1%2C.
Causes/Consequences
Bacher-Hicks, Andrew, et al. “Proving the School-to-Prison Pipeline.” Education Next, 16 Sept. 2021, https://www.educationnext.org/proving-school-to-prison-pipeline-stricter-middle-schools-raise-risk-of-adult-arrests/.
Bacher-Hicks, Andrew, et al. “The School to Prison Pipeline: National Bureau of … – NBER.” NBER, Sept. 2019, https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26257/w26257.pdf.
McCarter, Susan, et al. “Juvenile Justice Awareness Month – RMJJ.” Race Matters for Juvenile Justice, Oct. 2018, https://www.rmjj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Juvenile-Justice-Awareness-Month-2018-DMC-1.pdf.
Nelson, Libby, and Dara Lind. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline, Explained.” Vox, Vox, 24 Feb. 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/2/24/8101289/school-discipline-race.
North Carolina
“ACLU of Utah – Breaking down the School to Prison Pipeline.” ACLU of Utah – Home, Oct. 2014, https://www.acluutah.org/blog/item/879-breaking-down-the-school-to-prison-pipeline.
Lassiter, William. “North Carolina Department of Public Safety Division of …” North Carolina Department of Public Safety, 2018, https://files.nc.gov/ncdps/documents/files/JJAnnualReport_FINAL_forWEB_1.pdf.
McCarter, Susan, et al. “Juvenile Justice Awareness Month – RMJJ.” Race Matters for Juvenile Justice, Oct. 2018, https://www.rmjj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Juvenile-Justice-Awareness-Month-2018-DMC-1.pdf.
North Carolina Public Radio | By Associated Press. “Higher Age of Juvenile Prosecution Becomes Law in NC.” WUNC, 30 Aug. 2021, https://www.wunc.org/law/2021-08-30/higher-age-of-juvenile-prosecution-becomes-law-in-nc.
“NC Department of Public Safety.” NC DPS, https://www.ncdps.gov/juvenile-justice/juvenile-facility-operations/juvenile-detention-centers.
“Raise the Age- First Year Data Summary.” NC DPS, https://www.ncdps.gov/our-organization/juvenile-justice/key-initiatives/raise-age-nc.
“State-by-State Data.” The Sentencing Project, 28 July 2020, https://www.sentencingproject.org/the-facts/#map.
White , Herbert L. “School to Prison Pipeline: Racial Gaps in How NC Disciplines Students.” School to Prison Pipeline: Racial Gaps in How NC Disciplines Students, 20 Mar. 2021, https://www.thecharlottepost.com/news/2021/03/20/local-state/school-to-prison-pipeline-racial-gaps-in-how-nc-disciplines-students/.
Charlotte , NC
Bacher-Hicks, Andrew, et al. “Proving the School-to-Prison Pipeline.” Education Next, 16 Sept. 2021, https://www.educationnext.org/proving-school-to-prison-pipeline-stricter-middle-schools-raise-risk-of-adult-arrests/.
McCarter, Susan, et al. “Juvenile Justice Awareness Month – RMJJ.” Race Matters for Juvenile Justice, Oct. 2018, https://www.rmjj.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Juvenile-Justice-Awareness-Month-2018-DMC-1.pdf.
Tamilin, Emily R., et al. “Juvenile Justice in Mecklenburg County – RMJJ.” Race Matters for Juvenile Justice , 2019, https://rmjj.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2019JuvenileJusticeAwarenessMonth-FINALREPORT.pdf.
Asheville, NC
Daffron, Virginia. “Asheville City Schools’ Worst-in-NC Achievement, Discipline Gaps Widen.” Mountain Xpress, 28 Jan. 2019, https://mountainx.com/news/asheville-city-schools-worst-in-nc-achievement-discipline-gaps-widen/.
“Education.” State of Black Asheville, https://stateofblackasheville.com/education/.
Gordon, Brian. “Korey Wise of the Exonerated Central Park Five Talks Prison Pipeline in Asheville.” The Asheville Citizen Times, Asheville Citizen Times, 13 Dec. 2019, https://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2019/12/13/korey-wise-central-park-five-talks-prison-pipeline-asheville-nc/4383583002/.
Hinnant-Crawford, Brandi N. “Addressing Opportunity Gaps in … – Libjournals.unca.edu.” Lib Journals , Aug. 2020, http://libjournals.unca.edu/moja/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/5-CRAWFORD-2.pdf.
“Justice.” State of Black Asheville, https://stateofblackasheville.com/justice/.
Combatting STPP
Desmond, Matthew, and Mustafa Emirbayer. 2015. Race in America. New York: Norton.
Nelson, Libby, and Dara Lind. “The School-to-Prison Pipeline, Explained.” Vox, Vox, 24 Feb. 2015, https://www.vox.com/2015/2/24/8101289/school-discipline-race.
“Restorative Practices: Fostering Healthy Relationships & Promoting Positive Discipline in Schools.” Schott Foundation, Mar. 2014, https://cojustice.org/restorativedisciplineforbozemanschoolsv4.pptx.
“2019-2020 Racial Equity Report Cards.” Southern Coalition for Social Justice, 2019, https://rerc.southerncoalition.org/page/report-card-by-agency?var=reportCardStartYear%3A2019.
